Cataracts

A cataract is basically any kind of opacity on the lens which can be significant if it blocks the central vision resulting in amblyopia in children if not treated early. It can be present in some instances but if this is just at the periphery and does not cause obstruction they just watch it. Many cataracts are hereditary usually unassociated with other diseases and the most common mode of inheritance is autosomal dominant. Autosoma recessive pattern of inheritance also occurs but less frequently.

Source: Behrman et al: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 15th edition